perspectives in Education and Deafness

FAQ

Computers

Valuable Tools in Developing Speech

Computers seem to offer something for everyone. Speech training for deaf and hard of hearing students is no exception. Here James Mahshie, professor of speech and language at Gallaudet University, shares his responses to frequently asked questions that he receives from parents of deaf and hard of hearing children.

PERSPECTIVES:

What is Computer Based Speech Training (CBST)?

MAHSHIE:

CBST uses the computer and computer programs to help teach speech. CBST devices provide deaf and hard of hearing children with a visual model of sounds or words they are trying to produce, as well as feedback on how well they produce them. These devices usually handle a range of voicing-from saying "ahhh" to providing feedback for correct articulator positioning for the production of consonants.

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How does it differ from systems of the past?

MAHSHIE:

Speech teachers have used non-computerized electronic devices to assist speech teaching for a number of years. There were a large variety of these devices developed in the late 1950 and early 1960s that provided deaf and hard of hearing children with visual feedback about their own speech production. The computer, which can be programmed to process and display speech in many different ways, offers considerable flexibility for teaching speech.

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Can you describe the CBST devices?

MAHSHIE:

There are a small number of commercial devices on the market; each provides different types of information. Some systems require the use of microphones. Other systems require customized sensors, such as sensors on a dental retainer-like device that show the contact pattern between the tongue and roof of the mouth as required for the sound t. Signals from these sensors are directed to a computer that presents the child with a visual display of the target speech sound, and provides feedback on the child's attempt. While existing devices are designed to provide feedback and models about many aspects of speech production, no device is yet able to handle all speech skills needed to produce intelligible speech.

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How much do they cost?

MAHSHIE:

The cost varies from around $2000 to $6000 per device. This is usually in addition to the cost of the computer.

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Is CBST successful?

MAHSHIE:

There are few formal studies that indicate whether CBST is successful. Some of the recent research suggests that the use of CBST can be beneficial if used consistently and for an extended period of time. Other research, however, suggests that children often lose interest because of the limited variety of activities and games available within the programs. My experience suggests that children become more motivated to work on speech skills when a computer is involved. It is still work, though-not pure fun as advertisers may suggest. Software developers have the challenge of developing accurate, interesting displays for children.

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Can students use these programs without supervision?

MAHSHIE:

Parents need a clear understanding of the physiology of speech production to use these devices well and usually they should work with the support of a good speech teacher or clinician. I don't think computers necessarily teach better than humans. They can be a useful tool, though, and have the potential to accelerate speech learning when used in a comprehensive program.