Appendix

Glossary

American Sign Language (ASL) A language mostly used by individuals who are deaf that consists of visual-gestural units or signs.

Audiogram A graph on which results of an audiometric evaluation are charted to indicate the person's ability to hear tones at each of the presented frequencies.

Auditory Brain Stem (ABR) A painless test that involves the  measurement of electric responses recorded from the hearing nerves and brain by means of small, disk-like electrodes secured behind each ear and on the forehead.

Cochlear Implant A multi-channel device that implants electrodes into the cochlear and stimulates the nerve endings.  In certain cases, this technique has been known to increase the individual’s ability to hear and recognize sounds.

Day Classes  Classes for students who are deaf located in a public school setting where the majority of children have normal hearing. Instruction occurs within a self-contained class for children who are deaf, within the regular education classroom, or a combination of the two.

Day School A school located in urban areas that serves only students who are deaf.  The students commute to and from school daily.

Deaf (with a lowercase "d") As used in this document, an individual whose hearing is disabled to the extent of 70 dB or greater. (Deaf with an uppercase "d" is usually used to refer to a group of deaf people who share a culture and language — American Sign Language.)

Educational Placement Options The range of schools, programs, and other settings that offer educational services to children who are deaf.

External Validity The extent to which the research findings can be generalized to other populations.

Grounded theory A constant comparative method of inquiry where theory is 'generated' from data sources in order to study the processes that a target group moves through as they relate their own personal experiences over time (Strauss & Corbin, 1994).

Individualized Education Program (IEP) An individualized plan developed by the Multidisciplinary Team for all children receiving special education services. The plan must include current level of performance, instructional goals, educational services and placement, as well as criteria for determining how instructional objectives will be met (Hallahan & Kauffman, 1988).

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA]
(http://www.ideapractices.org/law/index.php)

Interpreter An individual who facilitates communication between persons who are hearing, deaf, or hard of hearing through the use of the deaf or hard of hearing person's primary mode of communication.

Itinerant programs Services provided to students with disabilities by professionals who travel from school to school.

Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center
(http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu)

Mainstream Programs for the Deaf Public school programs where children who are deaf are integrated with their hearing peers.

Manual Communication Communication occurring through the use of body movements, hand shapes, gesturing, or an established form of sign language.

Multidisciplinary Team (M-Team or IEP Team) An appropriate group of individuals meeting for the purpose of determining eligibility for special education services, developing recommendations for educational placement, and reviewing educational progress.

Oral Communication Communication occurring through the use of the speech mechanisms.

Parent The individual who has legal custody of a child and who serves as the parent representative on the child's Multidisciplinary Team.

Public Law (PL) 94-142 (The Education for all Handicapped Children Act)
(http://www.asclepius.com/angel/special.html)

Public Law (PL) 99-457
(http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed295394.html)

Residential School for the Deaf A school serving students who are deaf and who live within commuting distance to the school, as well as those from farther distances who reside at the school. Residential students live on campus during the week and generally return home on weekends, holidays, and during the summer.

Resource Any person or material that has assisted or continues to assist parents when making educational placement decisions for their children who are deaf.

Resource rooms An educational setting in which children with disabilities receive direct instruction in areas needing remediation.

Rural Term used in this study to include areas outside of large urban areas, defined by the United States Census as both "rural" and "other urban."

Signed Exact English (SEE, Signed English) A sign language system that represents literal English.

Total Communication A method of communication that utilizes auditory and visual information, often combining signing and verbal communication simultaneously.

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